On 25 November 2025, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency announced a new estimate for the total number of lead service lines across the U.S. The updated estimate—a result of improved, agency-mandated service line inventories—amounts to approximately four million lead service lines nationwide, and a significant revision down from the 2023 estimate of nine million.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, in parallel, announced a total of US$4.1 billion in newly available federal funding to address lead contamination in drinking water. These funds include US$1.1 billion redistributed from fiscal years 2023 and 2024, and US$3.0 billion in previously appropriated funding via the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021. The redistributed funds are comprised of unused Drinking Water State Revolving Funds for fiscal years 2023 and 2024—largely from Florida and Texas—and will be directed to states with greater needs.
